Template:
Author (Last Name, First Name). Title of Work: Capital Letter Also for Subtitle. Publication Place: Publisher Name, Year of Publication.
Example:
Stoneman, Richard. Alexander the Great: A Life in Legend. New Haven: Yale University Press, 2008. New
Template:
Chapter Author (Last Name, First Name). "Chapter Title." Title of Book: Capital Letters Also for Subtitle. Ed. First Name Last Name, First Name Last Name, Page Numbers. Publication Place: Publisher, Publication Date.
Example:
Armstrong, Dorsey. "Malory and Character." A New Companion to Malory. Edited by Megan G. Leitch and Cory James Rushton, 144-163. Cambridge: D.S. Brewer, 2019.
*For ebooks add the name of the database at the end of the citation followed by a period.
Template:
Author (Last Name, First Name). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Volume Number, Issue Number (Date of Publication): Pages. DOI (if available).
Example:
Bolger, Ashlee. “Normal Childhood Development Curriculum in a Pediatric Rehabilitation Training Program: An Interactive, Novel Approach.” Journal of Pediatric Rehabilitation Medicine 13, no. 1 (2020): 57-62. https://doi.org/10.3233/PRM-190645.
The first author should be written last name, first name. Separate the author names with the word "and" followed by the second author name. The second author name should be written first name and then last name.
Template:
Author (Last Name, First Name) and Author (First Name Last Name). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Volume Number, Issue Number (Date of Publication): Pages. DOI (if available).
Example:
Soto, Christopher J. and Oliver P. John. “The Next Big Five Inventory (BFI-2): Developing and Assessing a Hierarchical Model with 15 Facets to Enhance Bandwidth, Fidelity, and Predictive Power.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 113, no. 1 (July 2017): 117-143. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000096.
Only the first author name is listed by last name and then first name. Commas separate author names.
Template:
First Author (Last Name, First Name) other authors (First Name Last Name). "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Volume Number, Issue Number (Date of Publication): Pages. DOI (if available).
Example:
Nguyen, Tina, Jessica J. Carnevale, Abigail A. Scholar, David B. Miele, and Kentaro Fujita. “Metamotivational Knowledge of the Role of High-Level and Low-Level Construal in Goal-Relevant Task Performance.” Journal of Personality and Social Psychology 117, no. 5 (November 2019): 876-899. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspa0000166.
List the first author by last name, first name. List other author names first name and then last name. Author names are separated by commas. After the first 7 author's names, use a comma and then et al.
Template:
Author (Last Name, First Name) 6 other authors (First Name Last Name), et al. "Title of Article." Title of Periodical Volume Number, Issue Number (Date of Publication): Pages. DOI (if available).
Example:
Pegion, Kathy, Ben P. Kirtman, Emily Becker, Dan C. Collins, Emerson LaJoie, Robert Burgman, Ray Bell, et al. “The Subseasonal Experiment (SubX): A Multimodel Subseasonal Prediction Experiment.” Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 100, no. 10 (October 2019): 2043-2060. https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-18-0270.1.
If a newspaper is cited in notes or in parenthetical references it does not need to be listed in a bibliography. If a bibliographic entry is required it can be entered as follows:
Template:
Author (Last Name, First Name) or Name of News Service. “Title of Article.” Title of Newspaper, Publication Date. URL.
Example:
Kornfield, Meryl. “First Known Patient Reinfected With South Africa Coronavirus Variant is in Critical Condition.” Washington Post, Feb. 13, 2021. https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2021/02/13/reinfection-south-africa-variant/.
Template:
Author (Last name, First name). “Title of Article.” Title of Magazine, Publication Date. URL.
Example:
Peterzell, Jay. “Better Late Than Never.” Time, April 23, 1990. http://content.time.com/time/subscriber/article/0,33009,969880,00.html.
* If the newspaper isn't well known then the city and state should be included in parenthesis after the title.
Template:
Author Last Name, First Name. "Title of Web Page." Name of Website. Publishing organization, publication or revision date if available. Access date if no other date is available, URL.
Example:
Price, Devon. "Laziness does not exist." Human Parts. Medium, March 23, 2018, https://humanparts.medium.com/laziness-does-not-exist-3af27e312d01.
Template:
Creator. "Title of Video." YouTube Video, Running Time, Publication Date, URL.
Example:
Tasty. "7 Recipes You Can Make in 5 Minutes." YouTube Video, 3:49, March 7, 2018, https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9_5wHw6l11o.
Template:
Author Last name, First name. "Title of Blog Entry." Name of Blog (blog). Publisher, Publication Date, URL.
Example:
Axelrod, Josh. "A Century Later: The Treaty of Versailles and Its Rejection of Racial Equality." Code Switch (blog). NPR, Aug. 11, 2019, https://www.npr.org/sections/codeswitch/2019/08/11/742293305/a-century-later-the-treaty-of-versailles-and-its-rejection-of-racial-equality.
Template:
Author (screenname), "Tweet," Twitter, Publication Date, Tweet URL.
Example:
National Geographic, (@NatGeo), "Scientists knew African grays are clever, but now they've been documented assisting other members of their species-even strangers," Twitter, January 12, 2020, https://twitter.com/NatGeo/status/1216346352063537154.
*Access dates are only required if no publication date is available. Students may be required to include access dates in their papers. CMOS 14.12
Please check with your professor before using content produced by generative artificial intelligence (AI). Visit this webpage for more information. See the Chicago Style Guide for additional examples.
Chicago Style does not require a bibliographic citation for AI unless you include a publicly available URL via a browser extension like ShareGPT or A.I. Archives. If you do not have a publicly available URL, the information should only be included in an in-text citation and note.
Please see the Chicago Style Guide for more information. See the in-text citations page for information about how to cite AI in Chicago style.